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Linux平台 Oracle 18c RAC安装指导：
Part1： Part2： Part3：本文安装环境：OEL 7.5 + Oracle 18.3 GI & RAC
一、实施前期准备工作
1.1 服务器安装操作系统
配置完全相同的两台服务器，安装相同版本的Linux操作系统。留存系统光盘或者镜像文件。
我这里是OEL7.5，系统目录大小均一致。对应OEL7.5的系统镜像文件放在服务器上，供后面配置本地yum使用。1.2 Oracle安装介质
Oracle 18.3 版本2个zip包(总大小9G+,注意空间)： LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip MD5: CD42D137FD2A2EEB4E911E8029CC82A9 LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip MD5: 99A7C4A088A8A502C261E741A8339AE8 这个自己去Oracle官网下载，然后只需要上传到节点1即可。1.3 共享存储规划
从存储中划分出两台主机可以同时看到的共享LUN，3个1G的盘用作OCR和Voting Disk，1个40G的盘做GIMR，其余规划做数据盘和FRA。 根据实际需要选择multipath或者udev绑定设备。这里选用multipath绑定。multipath -llmultipath -Fmultipath -v2multipath -ll
我这里实验环境，存储划分的LUN是通过一台iSCSI服务器模拟的，下面是服务端主要配置信息：
o- / ......................................................................................................................... [...] o- backstores .............................................................................................................. [...] | o- block .................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 8] | | o- disk1 ...................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun1 (1.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk2 ...................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun2 (1.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk3 ...................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun3 (1.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk4 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun4 (40.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk5 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun5 (10.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk6 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun6 (10.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk7 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun7 (10.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | | o- disk8 ..................................................... [/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun8 (16.0GiB) write-thru activated] | | o- alua ................................................................................................... [ALUA Groups: 1] | | o- default_tg_pt_gp ....................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized] | o- fileio ................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0] | o- pscsi .................................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0] | o- ramdisk ................................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0] o- iscsi ............................................................................................................ [Targets: 1] | o- iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.storage-c.x8664:sn.bc3a6511567c ....................................................... [TPGs: 1] | o- tpg1 ............................................................................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth] | o- acls .......................................................................................................... [ACLs: 1] | | o- iqn.2003-01.org.linux-iscsi.storage-c.x8664:sn.bc3a6511567c:client ................................... [Mapped LUNs: 8] | | o- mapped_lun0 ................................................................................. [lun0 block/disk1 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun1 ................................................................................. [lun1 block/disk2 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun2 ................................................................................. [lun2 block/disk3 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun3 ................................................................................. [lun3 block/disk4 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun4 ................................................................................. [lun4 block/disk5 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun5 ................................................................................. [lun5 block/disk6 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun6 ................................................................................. [lun6 block/disk7 (rw)] | | o- mapped_lun7 ................................................................................. [lun7 block/disk8 (rw)] | o- luns .......................................................................................................... [LUNs: 8] | | o- lun0 ................................................ [block/disk1 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun1) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun1 ................................................ [block/disk2 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun2) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun2 ................................................ [block/disk3 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun3) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun3 ................................................ [block/disk4 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun4) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun4 ................................................ [block/disk5 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun5) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun5 ................................................ [block/disk6 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun6) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun6 ................................................ [block/disk7 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun7) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | | o- lun7 ................................................ [block/disk8 (/dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_lun8) (default_tg_pt_gp)] | o- portals .................................................................................................... [Portals: 1] | o- 0.0.0.0:3260 ..................................................................................................... [OK] o- loopback ......................................................................................................... [Targets: 0]/>
关于这部分相关的知识点可以参考之前的文章：
关于udev + multipath 的最简配置(可在后续创建用户后操作)：
# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/12-dm-permissions.rulesENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-?*", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin", MODE:="660"# udevadm control --reload# udevadm trigger 1.4 网络规范分配
公有网络 以及 私有网络。
公有网络：这里实验环境是enp0s3是public IP，enp0s8是private IP，enp0s9和enp0s10是用于模拟IPSAN的两条网络。实际生产需根据实际情况调整规划。二、安装前期准备工作
2.1 各节点系统时间校对
各节点系统时间校对:
--检验时间和时区确认正确date --关闭chrony服务，移除chrony配置文件（后续使用ctss）systemctl list-unit-files|grep chronydsystemctl status chronydsystemctl disable chronydsystemctl stop chronydmv /etc/chrony.conf /etc/chrony.conf_bak
这里实验环境，选择不使用NTP和chrony，这样Oracle会自动使用自己的ctss服务。
2.2 各节点关闭防火墙和SELinux
各节点关闭防火墙:systemctl list-unit-files|grep firewalldsystemctl status firewalldsystemctl disable firewalldsystemctl stop firewalld
各节点关闭SELinux:
getenforcecat /etc/selinux/config手工修改/etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled，或使用下面命令：sed -i '/^SELINUX=.*/ s//SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/configsetenforce 0
最后核实各节点已经关闭SELinux即可。
2.3 各节点检查系统依赖包安装情况
yum install -y oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.x86_64
在OEL7.5中还是12cR2-preinstall的名字，并没有对应18c的，但实际测试，在依赖包方面基本没区别。
如果选用的是其他Linux，比如常用的RHEL，那就需要yum安装官方文档要求的依赖包了。2.4 各节点配置/etc/hosts
编辑/etc/hosts文件：#public ip192.168.1.40 db40192.168.1.42 db42#virtual ip192.168.1.41 db40-vip192.168.1.43 db42-vip#scan ip192.168.1.44 db18c-scan#private ip10.10.1.40 db40-priv10.10.1.42 db42-priv
2.5 各节点创建需要的用户和组
创建group & user，给oracle、grid设置密码：
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall groupadd -g 54322 dba groupadd -g 54323 oper groupadd -g 54324 backupdba groupadd -g 54325 dgdba groupadd -g 54326 kmdba groupadd -g 54327 asmdba groupadd -g 54328 asmoper groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin groupadd -g 54330 racdba useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracleecho oracle | passwd --stdin grid
我这里测试环境设置密码都是oracle，实际生产环境建议设置符合规范的复杂密码。
2.6 各节点创建安装目录
各节点创建安装目录(root用户)：mkdir -p /u01/app/18.3.0/gridmkdir -p /u01/app/gridmkdir -p /u01/app/oraclechown -R grid:oinstall /u01chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraclechmod -R 775 /u01/
2.7 各节点系统配置文件修改
内核参数修改：vi /etc/sysctl.conf
实际上OEL在安装依赖包的时候也同时修改了这些值，以下参数主要是核对或是对RHEL版本作为参考：# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 增加如下内容：vm.swappiness = 1vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3vm.dirty_ratio = 80vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.panic_on_oops = 1net.ipv4.conf.enp0s8.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.enp0s9.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.enp0s10.rp_filter = 2
修改生效：
#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
注：enp0s9和enp0s10是IPSAN专用的网卡，跟私网一样设置loose mode。
#sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.confnet.ipv4.conf.enp0s8.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.enp0s9.rp_filter = 2net.ipv4.conf.enp0s10.rp_filter = 2
用户shell的限制：vi /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 16384oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240oracle hard stack 32768grid soft nproc 16384grid hard nproc 16384grid soft nofile 1024grid hard nofile 65536grid soft stack 10240grid hard stack 32768
这里需要注意OEL自动配置的 /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf 并不包含grid用户的，可以手工加上。
vi /etc/profile.d/oracle-grid.sh
#Setting the appropriate ulimits for oracle and grid userif [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -u 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifiif [ $USER = "grid" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -u 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fifi
这个OEL中也没有自动配置，需要手工配置。
2.8 各节点设置用户的环境变量
第1个节点grid用户：
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1;export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.3.0/grid;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
第2个节点grid用户：
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2;export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.3.0/grid;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
第1个节点oracle用户：
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1;export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
第2个节点oracle用户：
export ORACLE_SID=cdb2;export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/18.3.0/db_1;export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;